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1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter discusses the Covenant of Suretyship, or of Redemption, between God and Christ. Christ is not merely a witness to this Covenant, but the author of it. Rutherfurd explains why the Socinian way of works cannot quiet the guilty conscience. He also shows that Christ is upon both sides of this Covenant of Redemption. Finally, he notes that justice cannot mediate and sets forth the reasons for the entrance of sin.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter takes up the question of Christ’s dying and how we are in Him. There is a twofold crucifying of us with Christ. Rutherfurd also speaks of why we die personally although we died legally in Christ. There follows a discussion of the doctrine of mortification of sin, including the actings of mortification and details on how we are to be mortified in our affections.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-In this chapter Rutherfurd explores how Christ suffered in our room and stead. He asserts that Christ did not die for everyone and explains how many ways Christ may said to die in our stead. He denies that the Lord’s dying makes all men savable or the Gospel preachable to all nations. Christ died in the place of the elect. He disputes with the Arminians and Socinians who assert many false things, including the notion that we, through faith, substitute Him in our place. He also discusses the differences between Christ’s dying and the punishment that is due to the elect. Additionally, Rutherfurd expounds upon the legal oneness existing between Christ and His people. Then, there follows a rather technical section discussing what it is to die in our stead; this includes many references to other languages. Finally, He asserts that Christ did not die for sins but for sinners.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter explores wherein our right to Christ and His satisfaction stands for us. Rutherfurd shows that faith is not the cause of that right. He also explains why Christ’s incarnation and dying are not favors merited by Himself. Lastly, he discusses how Adam’s sin and Christ’s righteousness can both be ours.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter explains Christ’s office in both Covenant of Works and the Covenant of Grace. Rutherfurd also discusses Christ’s active and passive obedience and how they make one satisfaction.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-In this chapter Rutherfurd shows that Christ did not die to blot out all sense of sin, but in order to quicken a godly sense of it.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter takes up the difference between Law fear and Gospel fear. Rutherfurd speaks of the Law-fear of falling away versus the Gospel-faith of persevering. He also explains why feelings of sin seldom lacks unbelief whereas it should have the faith of the ransom paid.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter takes up the several differences between the Covenant of Grace and the Covenant of Works. The Covenant of Grace, Rutherfurd shows, continues with those who are asleep in the Lord, from which he declares its graciousness.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter asks whether Christ’s righteousness is imputed and ours because we believe or do we believe because it is ours? Rutherfurd shows faith presupposes three unions: 1. Natural; 2. Legal; 3. Federal; and these three make a fourth. He discusses the adversaries against which the Holy Ghost contends in Scripture on the point of justification. He also explains the dominion of the Law and what is meant by the oldness of the letter. He sets forth how we are freed form the oldness of the letter. Additionally, he discusses the threefold bondage of the Law and the dignity of the Gospel over the Law.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter takes up the question of whether or not true faith continuing to the end is a condition of the Covenant of Grace. He asserts that faith which endures is the condition, not as it endures to the end, but as being of that nature. True faith, in its first making alive, saves and justifies.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-These chapters (the number is repeated) take up the question of the law of works and shows that it not only consists in doing, but doing to the end.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-In this chapter Rutherfurd explores the first estate of Adam. There were to him neither promise of perseverance nor of influences of grace. He discusses four classes of obedience: Christ’s obedience as most perfect, yet most undue and so most meritorious; angelic obedience, of their own, not Christ’s, so less meritorious; the obedience of Adam, which is less than the angels; and the Gospel obedience, which has the least nature of obedience.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter discusses whether Christ commands the same works in the Covenant of Grace which are commanded in the Covenant of Grace. Rutherfurd explains how Christ lays Evangelic commands one way on the elect and another on the reprobate. He also explains how the reprobate are still under the Covenant of Works.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter raises the question of whether or not Christ suffered for only sins against the Gospel, such as unbelief, as the only sin against the Gospel. Rutherfurd explains that Christ did not die for all men and untangles many points surrounding this issue. He also discusses how the Law commands repentance and how not. Then, he shows that sins against the Gospel are sins against the Law.
Read More1655-Samuel Rutherfurd.-In this chapter, Rutherfurd discusses the place of evangelical works in the covenant and the difference between the possession of glory and the right to glory. He asserts that we are not justified by works but there is a place for declarative justification by works. He shows that final unbelief is not the only sin forbidden in the Gospel. He speaks of the two sorts of faiths in James, and that the faith of which James speaks as not being true faith. Rutherfurd then explains how faith alone justifies after which he deconstructs the faith of Arminians, Socinians and Papists. Lastly, he shows that Scripture puts a difference between faith and new obedience together with the necessity of works.
Read More1655-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter takes up the question of the nature, characters, and properties of the new heart and the new spirit of Covenanters. Rutherfurd discusses the heart, what a good heart is, and the reigning evils of the heart. He discovers that men are more shamed by lying (and other sins) rather than pride. He speaks of the Word acting by the Spirit to work a new heart whereas the old heart was filled with atheism and impossible lies. Finally, he sets forth the signs of the new heart.
Read More1665-Samuel Rutherfurd.-In this chapter Rutherfurd discovers the problem of hypocrisy and what makes a hypocrite. There is a discussion of the Word and Spirit and those revelations made to the godly when they draw near to God. He discusses the marks of a spiritual disposition and speaks of doing of duties as duties as a spiritual disposition.
Read More1655-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter considers the judgment of John the Baptist and the apostles respecting the question of whether men must be real converts in order to be real visible Covenanters. Rutherfurd then discusses the invisible church and it being subject to promises of special note. Finally, he argues that hypocrites have no warrant from any command of God to challenge the covenant seals to themselves.
Read More1655-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter discovers many of the differences between external and internal covenanting. Rutherfurd also explains that there is no universal grace, subjective or objective, which is given to all; neither is there a power of believing given to all. The defense requires several exegetical excurses.
Read More1655-Samuel Rutherfurd.-This chapter discusses the meaning of Genesis 17 and the relation of circumcision to baptism. Rutherfurd sets forth the blessings and privileges that a child will lack if infants are deprived of baptism. He also speaks about the blessing infants received by being taken up in Christ’s arms. Then, he turns his attention to the prophecies of a covenanted seed being added to the Jews and discusses the difference between external and internal covenanting. Lastly, he shows that the “holy root” does not mean those who are predestinated to glory; instead, he shows what is the real adequate cause of the engrafting of the elect into Christ.
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